Engine



Oct. 5, 1937. E. R. JACOBY 2,094,893

ENGINE Original Filed Sept. 2, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ZNVENTOR.

I En 06 21?. Jacofi ATTORNEY.

I Oct. 5, 1937.

E. R. JACOBY ENGINE Original Fil ed Sept. 2, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

. ENGINE 7 Original Filed Sept. 2, 19:55 a Sheets-Sheet a INVENTOR. I

ATTORNEY- Patented Oct. '5, 1937 J ;-;u 1T;E-D {STATES {PATENT OFFICE} ENGINE h EnosR jacoby, Detroit, Mich assignor t cd Q-i I tinental Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. ,"a corporation of Virginia )rigi'naljapplication September 2, 1933, Serial l anc'e,'it is found thatithis maybe obtained by I providing improved combustion and by relatively vention, reference may be had to the accompanyimproving the volumetric efficiency oiithe engine ing drawings which illustrate preferred embodiwithout relatively increasing the length'oroverall ments of my invention, and in which: I v

I sizevo'ithe engine, and'such improvements, arising Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical sectional view from the continual efiorts inconstantly improvthrough an engine illustrating a typical cylinder, 15 ing 'en'gine tperformance, have been one of the and cylinder head construction embodying a'com- I factors in maintaining, thehigh quality standards c bustion chamber and valve arrangement construc I demanded by the consumers and other users of tionin accordance with the: principles ofm'y inen'gines employedvfor operating vehiclesof all vention, a I

2: descriptions. 1 f I I Fig.2 isabottomplan view of thecylinderhead Ohe'o f the" objects of. my present invention is structure-for"amultiple cylinder of the cylinders to generally improve engine performance and to in-linetypeengine,this view illustrating the: 311"", relatively increasethe poweroutputfof an engine rangement and construction pf thelpreferred v 'with'o'utadding to the total weight of the engine combustion chamber construction, f

and wi't'hout materially increasing the manufac-, 'Fig. 3'is a fragmentary vertical transverse sec- 1 turing costs, by providing improved combustion 'tional view ofzan engine showing a cylinder'head chamber "construction. l a structure emb dyingfa m fi d form of (valve Another object of 'my'present invention'is to' arrangement and construction; v, o

relatively improve the volumetric eflici'ency of F g i's af a mentary bottom plan view ofthe I l engines of the characterdescribed by providing cylinderheadstructureshowing a modified forms 3 a novelf valve arrangement and. construction of combustionchamber, 'Q whereby'to permit theuse of; valves affording a Fig. 5 is another bottom plan view of the cylin greater ',i ntake oper'iing and further providing a der head structure embodying a further modified relatively greater exhaust openingj by reason of combustion chamber arrangement construction,

the relatively increased diameter of the valves and further showing a modified valve arrange 35 assembled with a structure of thecharacter illusment ff I I. l trated and described. l I Fig. 6 is abottom plan viewbfia cylinder head More particularly it is an object of my present construction embodying a further modified come invention to provide a valve arrangement for bustion chamber construction and showing a still 40 controlling engineintake and exhaust in which further modified, valve arrangement, l the valve stemsof the intake valve structure are F 7 18,9 bo m p n v ew of y n e head I relatively inclined with respect to the valve stems construction embodying still further modificaof the exhaust valvelstructure whereby to permit, 'tions of 'the combustionchamber and valve aran angular arrangementoithe valves providing a rangementand, l c I U I .large number 'of"combinations of rocker arm l FigLB 'is a diagrammaticview illustrating a 45 ratios, valve lifts, and various valve positions for modified form of rocker arm construction esany given cam lift I pecially suitable forluse' withvaflvalve arrange-" V More particularly,-it is a further object of my ment of, the character illustratedin the preceding presentinvention in connection fwith'. the con- 1 figures in, which the valve stem of one valve struc- I struction and arrangementof the combustion I ture is inclined with respectto the valve stem of 50 chambersto provide a'jconstruction especially the other valve structure}, I I I suitable for use in a multiple cylinder of the cylin- Thefigures in the accompanying drawings are ders-in-lines type engine by providing combustion broadly illustrative of' a standardengine strucchambers which may overiaplongitudinally of ture including 'acylinder block lllhaving a pin-'- the engine and because of their shape said com- I rality of aligned cylinders It in which pistons 12 55 No. 687,931. Divided and this application May I 23, 1 93' i, Serial No. 727,030

6 Claims. (01.12349)- This invention relates to engines and more particularlyf to the cylinder head construction with particular reference to the arrangement and construction of the combustion chambers and the gine intake and exhaust. o,

In order to maintain a high standard of efficiency and to generally improve engine performbustion chambers can be nested for conservati'o n of longitudinal length of the engine, said combustion chamber construction furthercooperating with'the valve arrangement and constructed for providinggenerally improved engine construc- '.tion. r

This applicationisa division of my co-pending 1933. I e I a Fora more detailed under'standingof my inapplication, Ser. No. 687,931; filed SeptembeTZ,

are operable, said pistons beingiadapted for connection with an engine crankshaft (not shown) in the usual manner by'means of the usual connect- I ing rod l3. Thecylinderis preferably jacketed as manner; Suitable overhead valve structures :are I carried by thecylinder head forrcontrollin'g the 7 engine intake and exhaust; said valve structures at vll forthe purpose of ciizculating a cooling mediur'n'in conjunction with the cylinder. A camshaft I is provided this camshaft being supported in suitable bearings IS carried by thecylactuating mechanisms in the usual manner.

jA'cylinder head structure is secured to-the engine block in the; usual manner -and closesfthe outer open ends of the enginecylin'ders-this eylinder head structure being provided with a plurality of combustion chambers 2! eachcooperatlng with an engine cylinder in the customary be'ingl'respectiv'ely indicated-as 'a' whole by the reference characters ,22 and 23 :and including" valves and valvestems respectively designated 22a,;22b' and" 23'a'a'nd 23b." The'cylinder head is' jacketed as at 24 through whicha cooling medium may be circulatedifor cooling the cylinder head v structure, the cylinder head jacket 24 preferably being placed in communicationwith the cylinde'rjacket ll in tl'ie usual 'rnanner.

The cooling medium j is preferably circulated under pressurethrough t'hecylinder jacket 14 .and the cylinder head 'jacket "24, said cooling mediu'm being preferably introduced into the cylinder head jacket as well as into the cylinder jacket j from a source Qf'SUPDlY externally of thfe "eng'ine. j a v I t v t I gine planes. It' willbe noted "that the'combus tion chambers "are each extended substantially In thepresent emb'odiment of my invention I have provided a pumpfstiucture ZS of' an y suitv able construction and which is provided with an outlet 26 adapted to communicate with an inlet 21b! the cylinder jacketi H; the "pump outlet 26 preferably communicating with a pipe or other with thecylinder head, the cooling medium being {thereby introduced directly into the cylinder head jacket through thei inle't 'opening 34, saidcool-V i in: medium being preferably directed as indicated by the arrows 31 by suitable deflecting means such as a baffie 35 'into initial contact with the low ceiling portion 36 of the cylinder head structure,

which overlies the cylinder and has a minimum clearance with respect to the pistonwhen the wards .the low-ceiling pom nor t he'cylinlder head structure forms'no part of the ipresen'tfinvem tion as'the same is described and claimed in'applicants co-pending"applicationSerial No. 686,- 349, filed August 23; 1 933, but it is evident that the cylinder head construction as embodied in'the present inventionis suitably adapted for "cooperating assembly with acooling system of this character.

2,094,893 I I a In Fig. 2 of the drawings I have-illustrated an arrangement and constr'uctionof combustion],

chambers'whichproduce satisfactory results and; :1

which embody the'principles of the invention as described and'claimedQ Although I have shown 7 other modified forms of construction; illustrated generallyin Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive, 1 wish it understood'that theembodiment of my inventionas illustrated in Fig.2 is preferred, the other modifications being illustrative of the" fact that the partion chambers may be v ried withincertain lim-' its while still embodyi g the broad principles of" fticula'rfshapeand conjguction of the combusmy' invention and-awith'out departingfrom the,

scope of the claims.

The combustion chamber construction is of'a special utility inconnection with an engine having aligned cylinders and may be; incorporated-with a multi-cylin derengineof4, 6, 8 or more cylindersj Fig. 2 illustrating the invention in connection with a 6"cylinder*engine. It will be noted that the combustion chambers 2 If are arranged sym'metri 'cally with respectto the central transverseengine plane A-A andthat the said combustion chambersare each so arranged as topreferably overlap the nextadjacent'combustion" chamber by 'theJdot and dash lin'es' C-'-C and i-By diagonally extending combustion "chambers, I

' meanthat the body of the cornbustio'n chamber extends Sin-fa" direction generally diagonally with respect' to these longitudinaland transverseendiagonally over the-engine block to oneiijsideof.

the central-longitudinal engine 'pl'ane C Cjand from *the cylinder block "overlying fportioni It wi11 be noted that the longitudinallfeiitended -port'ion of these combustion "chambers" which overlie the engine-block "are ea ch arranged: tooverlap the adj accnt combustion" Chal'llblfDOl'F tion which overli'esthe cylinder, this overlapping relationship beingconsidered as overlappinglon 'gitudinall y of the engine, l

1 'It will be obviousthat tlie degree of f ov erla p-f 'ping'of thesecOmbuStiQnchambers longitudinally a of the enginemay be varied'a'nd that ini somjein stances there may be no" actual overlap longitudi-afl many of the enginesuch as areillustrated inFigsQ 0o land 6. However, in en 'neconstructionit is' necessary that a definite-minzmum'space' be main tained' between adjacent combustion chambers for I the purpose of 'sealing'against'the escape of, gases from one combustion chamber'to the other, and in all instances it wil l be noted that this minimum a SDacin gbf the combustion chambers. is main tainedjwhilein all instances each'of the combus tion-chamb'ers is provided with a portion extending longitudinaliy o'f the enginfeftoward the neirt adjacent,combustion'fchamber This con'struction c of the combustion. chambers provides for a r'elative nesting? of "said chambers'fo r conservingof the longitudinal lengthof the engine. a The-coms bustion chambers ashereinillustrated areialso rangement of these combustion chambers is A clearly illustrated in Fig. 2, it being noted that that portion of each combustion chamber which overlies the cylinder block is extendedlongitudi nally of the engine away from the central transverse engine plane A--A, said combustion chambers and engine cylinders being preferably grouped together to form a pair of groups divided by the central transverse engine plane AA, each group having an equal number of cylinders and an equal number of combustion chambers, the combustion chambers of one group being extended in one direction longitudinally of the engine while the combustion chambers of the other group have extended portions extending in-the opposite direction longitudinally of-the'engine.

As stated above, the valve structures each comprise a valve and a valve stem. One of the valve structures includes a valve located substantially over the engine cylinder and substantially con- 5 tained or located in the longitudinal plane 0-0 2 valve stem of this valve structure preferably extending substantially parallel with respect to this engine plane containing the cylinder axes, while the other valve structure is inclined with respect to the aforesaid first mentioned valve structure in such a way as to incline the valve stem with respect to the valve stem'of said first mentioned valve structure. The valve of the inclined valve structure is preferably located for the most part inthat portion of the combustion chamber overlying the cylinder block. In Fig. '2' the valve 22a is positioned to overlie the cylinder block for the major part of its area, while in'themodifications shown in Figs. 4 to '7 inclusive, the valve 22a'does not overlie the cylinder block to such a great extent although it does have a much greater portion overlying the cylinder blockthan the portionthat overlies the cylinder. I prefer to employ the valve structure having avalve over- 5 lying the cylinder block as the intake valve of the engine while the other valve structure, located substantially in the longitudinal plane 0-0 of the engine, is preferably employed to'control the engine exhaust. It will be noted thatthe intake valve structures 22 of all cylinders are substantially aligned and the-exhaust valves 23 are also substantially aligned longitudinally of the engine, it being noted that the common plane containing the valve stems 22b is inclined with respect to the common plane containing the valve stems 23b. Obviously, the inclination or angular relationship between the valve stems may be varied within definite limits depending upon the desired location of the valves with respect't'o the combustion chamber. It will be noted that a line connecting the valvejcenters will extend substantially diagonally with respect to the longitudinal and transverse engineplanes containing the cylinder'axes, this line being shown in Fig. 2 and designated by the characters D D, this diagonal line connecting the valve centers extending in a direction substantially parallel to the diagonal direction in which the combustion chambers are extended.

7 0 In Figs. 2 and 4 the valve' centersare'so located and the diameter of said valves is such as to provide no overlap of the valves longitudinally ,or transversely of the engine. In Fig. 5 the valves 22a'and 23a are arranged to overlap transversely of the engine, in Fig. 6 said valves are arranged of the engine containing the cylinderaxes, the

' i It will be noted that in Fig.

to overlap longitudinallyoi' the engine, while in Fig. 7 these valves are arranged to overlap both longitudinally and transversely of the engine. Various combustion chamber constructions may be used or employed with the valve arrangementsas illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 to '7 inclusive, butin general, it will be noted that these combustion chambers all extend diagonally of the engine, they all have combustion chamber portions overlying the cylinder blocks which are extended longitudinally of the engine to one side of the engine transverse plane containing the cylinder axis and in a direction away from the central transverse plane AA of the engine, a portion of the combustion chamber overlies the cylinders, and the head in each instance is provided with a low ceiling portion36'.

In Figs. 4, 5 and 7 it will be noted that the valve stem 22b liesin atransverseengine plane extending substantially perpendicularly ,to. the

' longitudinal engine plane containingthe cylinder axes, while inFigJS it will be noted thatthe valve stem 22b may extend in a direction which is inclined to the said transverse engine plane that is perpendicular to said longitudinal engine plane whereby to provide a spacing longitudinally of the engine betweenxthe upper ends'oi the valve "stems which is substantially equal .to the spacing of the valve stems'as shown in the other figures.

Such a construction and arrangement. of the valve stems as shown in Fig. 6 need only be employed when thevalves are overlapped longitudinally of the engine; but even in this case it is not necessaryin all instances that the valve stem be inclined as in Fig.6 since it is possiblein some instances to extendthe'valve stem as shownin "Fig. '7 even when the said valves overlap longitudinally of the engine.

lation between the valve structure, as shown by a transverse sectional view, is such as to provide a lateral spacing between the upper .ends of the valve stems-and obviously, thislateral spacing may be varied by varyingthe angle between the valve structures. the valve structuresmay be such as to provide no spacing between the upper end of the valve stems laterally or transversely of the engine as shown in Fig. 3.

"Referring to: the construction shown in Fig. 1 it will be'notedthatth'e rocker arms engaging these valve "stems are supported on a common rocker shaft 40. The valve stem 23b is engaged by the rocker arm 4| while the valve stem 22b is engaged by a rocker arm 42, and it will be noted that, because of the lateral spacing of the ends'of the valve -stems,the rocker arm 42 is of greater length than the rocker arm 4 l ,xtheserock- 'er arms each carrying a ball 43 adapted for swivel engagement with the block 44 which.di-' rectly engages the ends of the valve stems. It will be noted that the angular movementof the rocker arms 4i and is equal for anequal cam lift, but due to the fact that the rocker arm 42 is longer-and the ball carried thereby for engagementwith the valve stem 22b is moved onan-arc havinga greater radius than the ball carried by arm 4|, that a greater valve lift is imparted to the valve structure 22 than to the valvestructure 23,'this being desirable in some instances'where 'a greater valve lift to the intake is desired. wOb- 1 the angular re-- If desired, the angleibetween viously, it' will be apparent that the valve lift of the valve structures 22 and 23 may be varied as desired by varying theangular relationship between the valve structures; In the construction" 29 and in this instance the roof of the combustion chamber over the cylinder extends substantially I in aplane at right angles tothe cylinder axis,

whereas the roof of the,.,combustion chamber whichoverlies thexcylinder block is sloped up- -wardlyand outwardlyandv lies in a plane ,sub-

"stantially flush with the surface of the valve 22a. g

' erating with an engine cylinder, said chambers illustrated .in Fig. 3 the valve lift to the valve 'instancesto arrange the rocker arms 4| and 42 as shown in Fig. l, and as diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 8, so that the'movement of the I rocker armtransversely ofrthe valve stem axis is a minimum due to the arcuate movement of the ball carried by the rocker arms which engages the valvestem, as this arrangement follows substantially along the customary lines it will be readily junderstood'that the customary practice in engine design may be incorporated'with thevcon- H ,stru'ction shown by applicant in which the valve structures are angularlyinclined with eachother. It will" be noted that the roof of the-combustion chamber 21in the vicinity of the valve 23a is substantially flush with the surface of the valve The spark plugs 50 are preferably located in "that portion of the'combustionchamber over- '30 lying-the cylinder block and adjacent to the in- .take valves-22a; My combustion chamber con- 40, haust valves as here, shown hasbeenfound to be struction-readily provides a. convenientlplace in which apair of spark plugs or other igniting devices-maybe assembled for each combustion chamber (see Fig 2); The intake gases on beingintroduced into: :the engine cylinder tend by a reason of the arrangement'js'hpwn in theaccom panying drawings to sweep-theexhaust valves in xhighly preferable, and in fact, the location of the component.-parts .of-the:engine structure which haveto do with; the efficient production of power to wit, the valve location, size, the spark plug location, andgeneral .shapeoi the combustion I chamber-which tends to direct the incoming v fuel mlxtureinsuch a. way as to promote tur-,

bulence, cooperatetogether in. my invention for the promotion of generally improved engine' performance. .My arrangement provides for valves of larger diameter than-is customary, I

In the construction .shown in the illustrated {embodiment of'my invention,;it will be noted that -I have provided a; simple arrangement ofcombustion chamber constru ction,*of.valve arrange- .rnent andlconstruction, whereby such genera'lly improved 1 engine performance is ;readily. ,h ad withoutan increase in manufacturing costs and in which the labor for assembly of the. engine is -'not increased to any extent. The construction herein ,shownris suchas to permit'a wide range of combination for'providingengines for different purposes, but yetthe principles of the invention are relatively simple even though they will effect a generally: improved engine performance,

igreater. power output, and greater volumetric modifications and changes may be made therein r withoutdeparting from-the spirit of my:,1nventionior fromthe scope of the appended claims. j

efliciency. a

It will be apparent to those skilled in [the art to which myv invention" pertains that various 1 .What I claim as my invention-is; l. In aninternal combustion engine having a plurality of aligned cylinders, a cylinder head structure closing the outer open ends of the cylindersand; provided'with a plurality of corn- 'bustion hambers respectively cooperating with the engine cylinders, said combustion chambers each extending generally transverselyof the engine and being arranged in twogequal groups, one to either side of the medialtransverse engine plane, the combustion chambers of one group shaving portions overlying the cylinder I block extended generally longitudinally of the engine in the, same direction to one side of the transverse engine planes containing the cylinder axes,

the combustionchambers of the, other group having portions overlying the cylinder blockand extended generally longitudinally of the engine to one side of the transverse engine plane contain ing the cylinder axes in a directionopposite to thatof said first group of chambers, said cornbustion chambers each having a portion overlapping a portion of the next adjacent combustion chamber longitudinally of theengine".

2. In an internal combustion engine having a being spacedlongitudinally of 'the'engine, and

each having a portion overlying the axial part of its cylinder, and another portion offset lateral- 7 ly from the longitudinalcylinder axis plane, all of said offsets being to the same side of said plane, and said .ofifset portions overlapping. in one longi-' I tudinal direction theaxial portionof one adjacent chamber.

3. In an internal combustionl engin e having a plurality of aligned cylinders, a cylinder head structure closing the outer open 'ends of said cylinders, said structure being provided inthe face complemental to said open cylinder ends witha plurality of combustion chambrsQ'each extending from the axis of 'a cylinder in a diagonal direction with respect .to the common cylinder axis plane, and all to the same side of said plane, to partially overlie the engine block, the

portionpf a chamber overlying a cylinder being of less area than the latter,- and the portio n'overinders, said structure beingprovided in the face complemental to saidppen cylinder-ends with a plurality of combustionchambers, each extending-from the axis of-a cylinder in a diagonal a cylinder head direction with respect .to'the common cylinder axis plane, and all to the same side of. said plane, 7

to partially overlie the engine block, vthe portion of a chamber overlying acylinder being; of less area than the latter, and the portion overlying they block being wider than the portion overlying the cylinder and longitudinally, overlapping the cylinder-overlying portion of "oneiadjacent chamber. r g r ,5. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of aligned cylinders, arcylinder head structure closing the outer open ends of, said cylinders, said; structure being providedin the face complemental to said open cylinder ends 'witha plurality of recesses of generally scalene-trisubstantially parallel to'an'd laterally offset to the 7 angular shape constituting combustion chambers, one side of eachcombustion chamber lying s 76 same side of the longitudinal cylinder-axis plane, and another side extending diagonally to said plane, whereby a portion of one chamber overlying the cylinder block longitudinally overlaps a portion of an adjacent chamber overlying its cylinder.

6. In an' internal combustion engine having a plurality of aligned cylinders, a cylinder head structure closing the outer open ends of said cylinders, said structure being provided in the face complemental to said open cylinder ends with a plurality of recesses of generally sca1enetriangular shape constituting combustion chambers, one side of each combustion chamber lying substantially parallel to and to the same side of the longitudinal cylinder-axis plane, and another side extending diagonally to said plane, whereby a portion of one chamber overlying the cylinder block longitudinally overlaps a portion of an adjacent chamber overlying its cylinder; and inlet and exhaust valves in each chamber being located substantially at the apices of the overlapping portions.

ENOS-R. JACOBY. 

